Examples of directions include north, south, east, and west. Directly up on a map is usually north; down is usually south; to the right is usually east; and to the left is usually West. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel.
Skip to content Home Term Paper What are 3 features of a physical map? Term Paper. Ben Davis June 2, What are 3 features of a physical map? What is an example of physical map? What is a physical map Class 6? How do you identify a physical map? What are the 7 elements of a map? What does a physical map show you? When would you use a physical map? What are the elements of a physical map? This is why you should look at a map carefully before using it to get an idea of where certain physical features are located.
There are many features that can be found on a map. The three most common features are usually the location, the scale and the legend. The location on the map is used to show where something is in relationship to other things or places that can be found. The same point of reference is usually used on each map, so the location will not change. The scale is another important feature used on maps, which allows the users to determine how far apart different locations are from one another.
This lets you know how long it will take to get from Point A to Point B in distance measurements. For example, if a map shows that it is 5 miles between Point A and Point B, then a person knows that it will take about five hours to get from one location to the other. The legend is a vital feature on a map because it gives you all of the information you need regarding each physical feature. It also allows you to determine what each color or line means on the map itself.
For example, if there is an area marked by green lines for forests, this tells you that these are forested areas instead of some other type of terrain. The legend also lets you know how large these features are in comparison to each other. There are seven physical elements that can be found on a map. These include color, lines, symbols, scale, projection, terrain and distance. The color of a map shows what type of physical features are included.
For example, blue is used for oceans and green is often used for forests. Lines are another physical element used on maps.
These lines generally pinpoint where different features are located, such as mountain ranges or rivers. They can also be used to explain how large these features are in comparison to each other. Symbols make up the third physical element found on a map.
This includes things like squares and circles which are used to indicate different things. A square might be used to mark the location of a city, while a circle is often used to show the size of a forested area on the map. The fourth physical element found on maps is scale. This allows you to determine how long it will take to cover certain distances, as well as showing how far apart two or more locations are from each other.
Projection is another physical feature that can be found on maps today. Every map also has terrain represented in some way because this tells you what type of environment you will find at certain locations. Some maps even show different types of vegetation to use as well. The last physical element used on a map is distance, which tells you how many miles are included between two or more locations.
This can be helpful for knowing what type of terrain you are dealing with before heading out on foot or even while driving to the location. For example, you can sort and hide fields in the Identify display, as well as copy field names and values and paste them as tab-delimited text into other applications such as e-mail or Microsoft Excel. Learn more about field properties aliases and table display options and setting these properties using the Fields tab.
The Selection Options dialog box opens. Specify the number of pixels you want to use as your selection tolerance when selecting features. A value of 3 to 5 pixels usually works well. A pixel count that is too small can be frustrating because it will be hard to precisely position and select features. However, too large of a pixel radius will result in inaccurate selections. Selection will not necessarily find the feature closest to the cursor; it returns the first feature in the dataset that is within the tolerance.
The Identify window includes a display of the geographic coordinates of the location you identify. As elevation increases, these contour line circles indicate a hill.
As elevation decreases, contour line circles indicate a depression in the earth, such as a basin. Grids Many maps include a grid pattern, or a series of crossing lines that create squares or rectangles.
The grid helps people locate places on the map. On small-scale maps, the grid is often made up of latitude and longitude lines. Latitude lines run east-west around the globe , parallel to the Equator , an imaginary line that circles the middle of the Earth.
Longitude lines run north-south, from pole to pole. Latitude and longitude lines are numbered. The intersection of latitude and longitude lines, called coordinates , identify the exact location of a place.
On maps showing greater detail, the grid is often given numbers and letters. The boxes made by the grid may be called A, B, C, and so on across the top of the map, and 1, 2, 3, and so on across the left side.
The user finds the park by looking in the box where column B and row 4 cross. Title, date, author, and sources usually appear on the map though not always together.
A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5, B. Assessing accuracy and objectivity also requires checking sources. A map of a school district may list the U. Orientation refers to the presence of a compass rose or simply an arrow indicating directions on the map. If only an arrow is used, the arrow usually points north.
Map Projections Transferring information from the spherical , or ball-shaped, surface of Earth onto a flat piece of paper is called projection. A globe, a spherical model of Earth, accurately represents the shapes and locations of the continents. But if a globe were cut in half and each half were flattened out into a map, the result would be wrinkled and torn. The size, shape, and relative location of land masses would change.
Projection is a major challenge for cartographers. Every map has some sort of distortion. The larger the area covered by a map, the greater the distortion.
Features such as size, shape, distance, or scale can be measured accurately on Earth, but once projected on a flat surface only some, not all, of these qualities can be accurately represented. For example, a map can retain either the correct sizes of landmasses or the correct shapes of very small areas, but not both. This determines which projection to use. For example, conformal maps show true shapes of small areas but distort size. Equal area maps distort shape and direction but show true relative sizes of all areas.
There are three basic kinds of projections: planar, conical, and cylindrical. Each is useful in different situations. Imagine touching a globe with a piece of cardboard, mapping that point of contact, then projecting the rest of map onto the cardboard around that point. They are often used for maps of one of the poles.
Imagine you wrapped a cone around Earth, putting the point of the cone over one of the poles. That is a conical projection. The cone intersects the globe along one or two lines of latitude. When the cone is unwrapped and made into a flat map, latitude lines appear curved in circles or semicircles. Lines of longitude are straight and come together at one pole. In conical projection, areas in the mid-latitudes—regions that are neither close to the Equator nor close to the poles—are represented fairly accurately.
For this reason, conical projections are often used for maps of the United States, most of which lies in the mid-latitudes. The cylinder touches Earth along one line, most often the Equator. When the cylinder is cut open and flattened into a map, the regions near the Equator are the most accurate. Regions near the poles are the most distorted. Surveying and Remote Sensing Cartographers rely on survey data for accurate information about the planet.
Surveying is the science of determining the exact size, shape, and location of a piece of land. Surveyors gather information from regions both above sea level and beneath bodies of water. Surveying can be done on foot.
Surveyors use many instruments to measure the features, or topography , of the land. A compass, measuring device, and theodolites are often used by surveyors doing field work. A theodolite is an instrument that measures angles. A surveyor may calculate the angle of hills, valleys, and other features by using a theodolite, which is usually mounted on a tripod , or three-legged platform.
Today, many surveyors use remote sensing to collect data about an area without actually physically touching it.
Sensors that detect light or radiation emitted by objects are mounted to airplanes or space satellites, collecting information about places on Earth from above.
One method of remote sensing is aerial photography, taking photographs of Earth from the air. Aerial photography has eliminated much of the legwork for surveyors and has allowed precise surveying of some places that are impossible to reach on foot.
Satellites, spacecraft that orbit Earth, perform remote sensing. For example, Landsat , a satellite that circles Earth 14 times a day, transmits huge volumes of data to computers on Earth. The data can be used to quickly make or correct maps.
How Maps Are Made Before making a map, cartographers decide what area they want to display and what type of information they want to present. They consider the needs of their audience and the purpose of the map.
These decisions determine what kind of projection and scale they need, and what sorts of details will be included. The language of the map is one thing a cartographer must consider. A blind reader needs a map that has information in braille , for instance. The audience for a map can determine how widely a map is used.
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